An In These Times essay
laments efforts by state legislatures to deregulate child labor. The story starts, though, with the return of the Third World in these United States. "In February, the
New York Times published an extensive investigative report by Hannah Dreier about scores of undocumented Central American children who were found to be working in food processing plants, construction projects, big farms, garment factories, and other job sites in 20 states around the country. Some were working 12 hours a day and many were not attending school." That's not good, but somehow looking the other way as the cartels and the coyotes sneak paying customers into the country isn't as important as those mean Republicans.
Lawmakers, mostly Republican ones, increasingly want to deregulate laws governing children in the workplace. According to EPI, at least 10 states introduced or passed laws rolling back child labor protections in the past two years.”
Among them is Arkansas, whose GOP governor is the former White House press secretary under Donald Trump, Sarah Huckabee Sanders. In March, Sanders signed a new bill removing employer requirements to verify the age of children as young as 14 before hiring them, calling such protections “burdensome and obsolete.” Her Republican colleagues in Iowa and Wisconsin have passed similar laws. In Ohio, one Democrat even joined in to loosen the state’s child labor laws.
It’s already legal for teenagers to take on certain types of summer jobs and paid internships. In an ideal world, such employment can offer them valuable work experience in a safe environment and allow them to earn extra spending money to save up for nice things. Indeed, children from privileged backgrounds have traditionally been able to land such jobs over their less privileged counterparts, using family connections.
I wonder, does that category include the unpaid internships that go to Ivy League sophomores and juniors,
the better to enhance their connections, that the
opinion magazines are notorious for using, and if In These Times participate in that market. Silly me, it's not the spawn of the coastal cosmopolitans, let alone the underage braceros, let alone sex slaves, that are Today's Outrage. It's that fourteen-year-old
slicing the onions at the pizzeria or washing the stemware at the bar.
Republicans are invoking such benign jobs as babysitting or lifeguarding to claim that deregulation will help kids earn money to save up for a car or prom dress. But children’s well-being is not driving their desires to ease child labor laws. These lawmakers are hardly concerned about making it easier for teens to deliver newspapers or wash cars during summer vacation. We would be hard-pressed to imagine their 16-year-old children or grandchildren serving alcohol for six hours a day at a bar past 9 p.m. on a school night and letting the bar owner off the hook if that child gets injured on the job — which is what Iowa Republicans have now legalized.
No, it's about undermining labor militancy. It always is.
What they appear to care about is businesses having a larger pool of vulnerable workers to exploit at a time when worker demands for higher wages and better working conditions are rising and strike activity has increased. Who’s more vulnerable than children, particularly undocumented and low-income ones?
Who, indeed, but those are not the kids washing stemware at the bar. As far as responding to labor militancy, well,
there's automation for that, whether it's
placing orders for hamburgers (rather than have the current crop of McDonald's hires make a hash of the order) or sorting potatoes or grading coal. The reality, whether in those farm fields, or those Iowa bars, or the coal breaking sheds,
has always been the same.
Children work because their families are desperately poor, and the meager addition to the family income they can contribute is often necessary for survival. Banning child labor through trade regulations or governmental prohibitions often simply forces the children into less-desirable alternatives. When U.S. activists started pressuring Bangladesh into eliminating child labor, the results were disastrous.
The complications get more fraught if the Border Patrol starts raiding those fields (or those supper clubs?) It didn't turn out so well when U.S. trade policy placed sanctions on Bangladesh's shirt factories.
Paul Krugman summarizes what happened more bluntly: "The direct result was that Bangladeshi textile factories stopped employing children. But did the children go back to school? Did they return to happy homes? Not according to Oxfam, which found that the displaced child workers ended up in even worse jobs, or on the streets—and that a significant number were forced into prostitution." [Yes, that Paul Krugman. — Ed.] Based on the information they have, families tend to choose the best available job for their children. Taking that option away does not eliminate the necessity of work; it forces them to take a less-desirable job. As repulsive as a child working in a sweatshop may be, it is not nearly as repulsive as a child forced into prostitution through the actions of unthinking Western activists.
That deregulation of child labor in the heartland states, though, is
a symptom of falling living standards.
In rural Sub-Saharan Africa, the U.N. data also shows that girls often spend more time gathering wood and water than boys—time that could be spent in a classroom instead.
Fortunately, access to running water and electricity is rapidly spreading across the globe. As more households gain access to modern technologies, more children will leave behind backbreaking physical labor for school books and studying.
The backsliding,
whether in the developed world, or in the United States as water conservation and sustainable electricity production reveal themselves in the form of
deprivation for hoi polloi, is predictable. Washing stemware becomes hoeing beans by hand becomes child marriages.
Reap what you sow, self-styled progressives.