In this Review, the authors synthesize current understanding of sperm DNA fragmentation and its effects on mammalian reproduction. Reproductive consequences for fertilization, embryo development, and pregnancy outcomes and strategies aimed at reducing or preventing DNA fragmentation are examined.

In this Review, the authors examine anticipated patterns of late morbidities that could emerge as a result of current treatments for Wilms tumour. Given the importance of a patient-centred follow-up strategy, they propose a practical classification system based on the likelihood of developing therapy-related late sequelae.

The phase III IMvigor011 trial shows that postoperative circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) can guide adjuvant immunotherapy after cystectomy, improving outcomes in patients with ctDNA-positive tumours while identifying patients with excellent prognosis without treatment. In an era of intensified perioperative therapy, these findings might shift the focus from whom to treat towards when treatment can be safely withheld or stopped.

Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) offer a minimally invasive biopsy strategy for prostate cancer monitoring. This Review discusses the use of CTCs at all stages of prostate cancer development and treatment, from CTC isolation and enrichment strategies to the prognostic and clinical utility of these cells in prostate cancer.