Tag Archives: Christian counsellor

Paraphilic disorders

Paraphilias, or sexual deviations, are defined as unusual fantasies, urges, or behaviors that are recurrent and sexually arousing. In fetishism, inanimate objects (e.g., shoes) are the person’s sexual preference and means of sexual arousal. In transvestism, the recurrent wearing of clothes of the opposite sex is performed to achieve sexual excitement. In pedophilia, an adult has sexual fantasies about or engages in sexual acts with a prepubertal child of the same or opposite sex. In exhibitionism, repeated exposure of the genitals to an unsuspecting stranger is used to achieve sexual excitement. In voyeurism, observing the sexual activity of others repeatedly is the preferred means of sexual arousal. In sadomasochism, the individual achieves sexual excitement as either the recipient or the provider of pain, humiliation, or bondage.

The presence of such atypical sexual behaviors or interests is not considered a disorder in DSM-5. A diagnosis of paraphilic disorder is considered if a person feels distress about a sexual interest (not merely from societal disapproval) or is involved with another person who is not able or willing to give consent or is distressed about such an interest. A paraphilia that causes distress to the individual or entails harm or risk of harm to another is classified as a paraphilic disorder in DSM-5. The causes of these conditions are generally not known. Behavioral, psychodynamic, and pharmacological methods have been used with varying efficacy to treat paraphilic disorders.

Encyclopaedia Britannica

Paraphilia

First coined by Wilhelm Stekel in the 1920s, the term paraphilia is derived from two Greek words — para, meaning “beside,” and philia, meaning “friendship” or “love.” In psychological and medical fields, the term has been used to describe sexual practices that are beside or outside the norm for sexuality. The sexologist John Money was the first to list various types of paraphilias (Money, 1986). Dr. Money sought to normalize them, or create nonjudgmental ways of talking about them.

A significant divide exists between Christian and secular counselors regarding what is sexually normal. Christians, based on their understanding of biblical sexuality, consider any sexual activity outside of God’s commandments, including paraphilias, to be deviant. For example, until 1973, homosexuality was considered to be a paraphilia.

Even within the secular scientific community, there is disagreement about what is normal sexually. In general, paraphilias are considered to be sexual behaviors that involve

• non-human objects,

• the suffering or humiliation of oneself or one’s partner,

• children, or

• nonconsenting persons.

In the current version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), a paraphilia is not diagnosable as a disorder unless it causes distress to the individual or harm to others. The draft of the 5th edition of the DSM adds a terminology distinction between the two cases, stating, “Paraphilias are not ipso facto psychiatric disorders,” and defining paraphilia disorder as “a paraphilia that causes distress or impairment to the individual or harm to others.”

Assessment. The DSM includes these categories of behaviors as paraphilias:

• Exhibitionism: the recurrent urge or behavior to expose one’s genitals to an unsuspecting person or to perform sexual acts that can be watched by others.

• Fetishism: the use of inanimate objects to gain sexual excitement. Partialism refers to fetishes specifically involving nonsexual parts of the body.

• Frotteurism: recurrent urges of behavior of touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person.

• Pedophilia: strong sexual attraction to prepubescent children.

• Sexual masochism: the recurrent urge or behavior of wanting to be humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer for sexual pleasure.

• Sexual sadism: the recurrent urge or behavior involving acts in which the pain or humiliation of a person is sexually exciting.

• Transvestic fetishism: arousal from wearing clothing associated with members of the opposite sex.

• Voyeurism: the recurrent urge or behavior to observe an unsuspecting person who is naked, disrobing, or engaging in sexual activities, or who is engaging in activities usually considered being of a private nature.

Under Paraphilia NOS, the DSM mentions telephone scatalogia (obscene phone calls), necrophilia (corpses), partialism (exclusive focus on one part of the body), zoophilia (animals), coprophilia (feces), klismaphilia (enemas), urophilia (urine), and emetophilia.

The Popular Encyclopedia of Christian Counseling, General Editors: Dr. Tim Clinton & Dr Ron Hawkins

 

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Preceding

1. Happiness mapping and getting over gender mapping
2. Study says highlighting gender leads to stereotypes
3. Leaven 
4. Could it be that we are living in the Last Days

 

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