Barton W. Stone

“Did the ‘Disciples’ ever deny the Trinity?”: No, says J. B. Briney in an article from 1915

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Here’s another post related to hymnody.  This is not by design, but wholly happenstance.  Happenstance is the name of the game when I browsily read: I look for one thing and stumble across a dozen leads.  I saw the article below while browsing back issues of Christian Standard.  While I do not recall seeing this particular article before, Edward Scriber Ames and this question faintly rings a bell.   My files and library are still boxed from a recent move, and so I cannot easily dig into any further, including sketching out the personalities involved in this discussion.  I have files on both Ames and Briney, and perhaps something about the Doxology in another file.  But no matter, even if I saw it and made a note, reading the article is new to me…and here is what I found.

‘Holy, Holy, Holy’ from the Program of 1909 Centennial Convention. https://archive.org/details/programofinterna00disc/page/n117/mode/2up

Continue reading →

Inside the Bowen-Campbell house, Goodlettsville, Tennessee, sometime home of Barton Warren and Celia Bowen Stone

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In 2011-2012 it was my privilege to work in public history for the City of Goodlettsville, Tennessee, as an interpreter at Moss-Wright Park.  Each day I stepped back into the 18th century at Mansker’s Station and the Bowen-Campbell home.  A huge–HUGE–bonus was that for a short while Barton and Celia Stone lived here and very nearby (somewhere).  In 2017 while back home for Christmas, the kids and I toured the place and I took photos.  And here they are.  The home is staged to reflect the occupation of the Bowen family, ca. 1790s-1820s, with one room staged to reflect the occupation of Dr. George Keeling in the 1840s.  The fort is staged to reflect the period of the late 1770s-early 1780s.  Both reflect the best knowledge available as to what was available and most plausible at the time.

C. E. W. Dorris helps us remember how Tolbert Fanning eulogized Barton Stone

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Charles Elias Webb Dorris was a collector, and reader, of old periodicals.  His complete set of Gospel Advocate was one of the few in existence in his lifetime. Its rarity ensured he was sought after by budding historians such as Earl West (Search for the Ancient Order) and Stephen Eckstein (Churches of Christ in Texas).

Dorris used his library and the documents of the past therein  to engage with the issues of his day.  This is particularly true of the institutional controversy in the late 1940s through the 1950s.  I am thinking of a series of articles he penned for Preceptor.  He also occasionally sent snippets to B. C. Goodpasture for inclusion in Gospel Advocate.  Under the title “Honor to Whom Honor” he states that he has “thought for a long time that writers both past and present, give Alexander Campbell honor that belongs to Barton W. Stone. In this I am not by myself as will be seen in the following from the pens of Philip Mulkey and Tolbert Fanning.”  Dorris’ point is that Stone’s work preceded Campbell’s in time and his doctrine of restoration, “the ‘Bible alone’,” and the church also preceded Campbell’s.

The Mulkey excerpt is from Old Path Guide, 1879, pp. 291-292.  Perhaps I will at some point post it.  But here I am more concerned to post the short note Dorris quotes from Tolbert Fanning.

Dorris says, without further comment:

“Tolbert Fanning, in commenting on the death of B. W. Stone, said:

If justice is ever done to his memory, he will be regarded as the first great American reformer,–the first man who, to much purpose, pleaded the ground that the Bible, without note, commentary, or creed, must destroy antichristian powers, and eventually conquer the world.  Although I have heard Father Stone slandered, and his views grossly perverted, yet never did I hear mortal man utter a syllable derogatory to his moral worth. A man more devoted to Christianity, has not lived not died, and many stars will adorn his crown in a coming day. ” (Christian Review, 1844, page 288.)

–C. E. W. Dorris, “Honor to Whom Honor,” Gospel Advocate, July 19, 1951, p. 452.

What catches my eye, aside from Dorris’ use of the past and his claim about Stone, is how Fanning characterizes Stone’s work.  For Fanning, Stone is the pathbreaker who pleads for the Bible against “antichristian powers.”  This is how Fanning epitomizes Stone’s life’s work.  The Bible “without note, commentary, or creed must destroy antichristian powers and eventually conquer the world.”

This is how Fanning characterized Stone’s work.  Dorris picks it up and uses it a century later.  Did the readership of Gospel Advocate  in 1951 characterize the work of post-war Churches of Christ in the same way?  Would they recognize in their churches of that day Fanning’s description of Stone’s work?

A strategy for congregational research

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My Nashville research across the last ten years has evolved from an interest in Central Church (where I was then Associate Minister) to a much, much larger scope including each congregation in the county, every para-church ministry based in Nashville, and how the larger issues within Stone-Campbell history interact with local history in one city resulting in the ministry conducted on ground, in the trenches, in the congregations.  With that comes the innumerable evangelists, ministers and pastors who held forth weekly from pulpits across the city. Ambitious? Yes.  Perhaps too ambitious.  That may be a fair criticism, but the field is fertile and the more I survey the landscape and read the sources and uncover additional data, the more I’m convinced to stay the course.

In the last four years especially I have focused my efforts to obtain information about the smaller congregations, closed congregations, particularly congrgations which have closed in the last 40 to 50 years.  My rationale for this focus is that some history here is in some cases, potentially recoverable.  There are larger affluent congregations which have appearances of vitality…they are going nowhere soon.  I can only hope some one among them is heads-up enough to chronicle their ongoing history and preserve the materials they produced.  On the other hand are congregations which have long-ago closed and chances are good we might not ever know anything of them except a name and possibly a location (for example, Carroll Street Christian Church is absorbed into South College Street in 1920 forming Lindsley Avenue Church of Christ…no paper is known to exist from this church, and I can’t even find one photo of the old building, and there is no one remaining who has living memory of this congregation).  For all practical purposes Carroll Street Church of Christ may remain as mysterious in twenty years as it does now.  I’d be surprised to learn of 3 people now living in the city of Nashville who have even heard of it.

But the several congregations that closed in the 50’s-80’s (and some even in the last five years) remain accessible if only through documents and interviews.  Theoretically the paper (the bulletins, meeting minutes, directories, photographs, even potentially sermon tapes) has a good chance of survival in a basement or attic or closet.  Chances are still good that former members still live, or folks might be around–in Nashville or elsewhere–who grew up at these congregations.  Theoretically.  Potentially.  Hopefully.

Yet as time marches on there are more funerals…for example in the last year I missed opportunities to speak with three elderly folks about their memories at these now-closed churches…they were too ill to speak with me and now they are gone!  I did, however, speak at length with one woman in ther 90’s who I thought died long ago!  She is quite alive and lucid!

So from time to time I will highlight on this blog these closed congregations…closed in the recent past…with hopes that someone somewhere might look for them (I get hits on this blog by folks looking for all sorts of things, among them are several Nashville Churches of Christ).  Maybe we can stir up some interest and surface additional information.

A few days ago I posted about one such congregation, the Twelfth Avenue, North Church of Christ.  I have in the queue a post about New Shops Church of Christ in West Nashville.  There are more, several more.

Stay tuned, and remember, save the paper!

Nashville Churches of Christ History Facebook group

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Nashville Churches of Christ History group is open to anyone interested in the history of the Stone-Campbell Movement in Nashville and Davidson County, Tennessee. When I began the group about three years ago I said this:

I envision this community as a place to share common interest in the rich story of the Stone-Campbell Movement in Nashville. I am conducting research for a book which will highlight each congregation of Churches of Christ and Christian Churches from the 1810’s to the present…basically the entire movement from its beginning in our city until now. I envision this group as a place to share memories, photos, news and generate discussion and interest. Please join and contribute. Please feel free to contact me directly at icekm (at) aol (dot) com.

Since readership for this blog is significantly higher now than it was in 2010, let me offer another invitation.  The group is open to all. Help spread the word and generate interest. (astogetherwestandandsing…)

Two Cane Ridge Revival items, 1852 and 1889

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A few days ago I blogged James Trader’s want-list for the archives at Cane Ridge.  Two items on the list are available on Google Books.  I am pleased to learn of them as I do not recall seeing reference to either.  Here are two points in the history of memory of this momentous event.

First, the Magazine of Western History, December 1889 issue has this long article by Isaac Smucker:

Second, Henry Howe, Historical Collections of the Great West in 2 vols.  Vol. 1 notes the exercises; vol. 2 notes Cane Ridge in particular.

From vol. 1, pp. 189-190:

Volume 2, pages 215ff

Bowen House, Goodlettsville, TN

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Daybreak on Friday 9 November revealed dense fog along Mansker’s Creek.  I snapped the pics below just as the sun burned through.  By the time I circled the home and made it back to vantage point of the first photo the home was awash in the bright morning sunrise.  Barton Stone perhaps witnessed similar foggy sunrises as he went about his early-morning chores in the fields which are today Moss-Wright Park in Goodlettsville, TN.  He lived in and/or near this home 200 years ago; his second wife, Celia Bowen, grew up here.

Name Authority for Nashville, Tennessee Stone-Campbell Congregations

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Name Authority for Nashville Tennessee Stone-Campbell Congregations, September 2012

Click above to download a document listing 319 variants of time-, place- and character-names for the 227 known congregations of the Stone-Campbell movement in Nashville and Davidson County, Tennessee from 1812 to September 2012.

To my knowledge my work in this area is the only such compilation, and therefore, the most complete.  The initial publication of the list to this blog was in May 2010 as a first step in my research toward a book on the Restoration Movement in Nashville.  I blogged then:

With over 200 congregations in this county, the congregational research alone will take years, perhaps the remainder of my life.  If I live to be 100 I may not finish even a rudimentary survey.  It may be too much:  too many congregations, too many preachers, too much ‘story’ to tell.

But this is where I am at the present.  I publish the list here to generate interest, additions, subtractions, corrections and clarifications.  Look it over and if I need to make changes, please let me know.

While congregational history is only one aspect of this project, this is where it all played out…on the ground in the congregations on a weekly basis.  Few congregations have attempted more than a list of preachers or a narrative of the expansion of the church building.  What I propose, as I wrote above, may be too much…too far to the other extreme.  But that fact changes not one whit the necessity of it being done.

The story of these churches in Nashville needs to be told.  I ask for your help in telling it.  look over my list; I solicit your critique. Contact me at icekm [at] aol [dot] com.

(The first version of the name authority, from May 2010, can be found here.)

Barton W. Stone preaches at Spring Hill Presbyterian Church, Nashville, September 1796

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Part fifth (and final installment), a continuation from Barton Stone preaches at Mansker’s Station, August-September 1796, part 2:

My colleague, J. [John] Anderson, having preached through the settlements of West Tennessee, determined to visit Kentucky.  We had our last appointment in father Thomas Caraighead’s congregation, in which neighborhood we had often preached.  As we expected a large and intelligent audience, we endeavored to prepare discourses suitable to the occasion.  My companion, Anderson, first rose to preach from these words: “Without holiness no man shall see the Lord.”  I shall never forget his exordium, which, in fact, was also his peroration.  Holiness, said he, is a moral quality–he paused, having forgotten all his studied discourse.  Confused, he turned with staring eyes to address the other side of his audience, and repeated with emphasis–Holiness is a moral quality–and after a few incoherent words, he paused again, and sat down.  Astonished at the failure of my bnrother, I arose and prached.  He declared to me afterwards, that every idea had forsaken him; that he veiwed it as from God, to humble his pride; as he had expected to make a brilliant display of talent to that assembly.  I never remembered a sermon better, and to e it has been very profitable; for from the hint given, I was led to more correct views of the doctrines of original sin, and of regeneration.

Thomas Craighead was the first Presbyterian minister in the Cumberland settlements, having arrvied in 1785 from Kentucky.  He settled on the northern bluff overlooking the Cumberland River at the Madison/Opryland/Briley Parkway part of town.  Haysboro, as it was known then, was for a time a rival settlement to Nashborough down the river a bend or two.  Nashville eventually eclipsed the other hamlets, but the little stone church/school built there left an indelible impression on the larger community.  Opened on 25 September 1786, Davidson Academy was not only the first school in the Cumberland settlements but ancestor to the University of Nashville and Peabody College.  The stone building served as meetinghouse for Spring Hill Presbyterian Church, of which Craighead was pastor.  It was here that Stone held forth in the early autumn 1796.

En route to and from work each day I pass by the old Craighead homesite.  For locals, it was located under the Home Depot complex at the intersection of Briley and Gallatin Road opposite the cemeteries as you come into (or leave) Madison.  For a brief article about the home and its demise, click here.  There stood the Craighead place and there stood the little school which helped initiate a reputation Nashville enjoys to this hour: Athens of the South.

Spring Hill Presbyterian Church site, Nashville

Spring Hill Presbyterian Church site marker, Nashville

Spring Hill Presbyterian Church site looking across Gallatin Road/Briley Parkway intersection toward Craighead home site, Nashville

Spring Hill Presbyterian Church graveyard, Thomas Craighead grave looking toward church site. The grave is to the right of the church site.

Spring Hill Presbyterian Church, Thomas Craighead marker

Spring Hill Presbyterian Church, Thomas Craighead marker closeup 1

Spring Hill Presbyterian Church, Thomas Craighead marker close up 2

I wonder if Margaret Brown, then about age 96, was in attendance when Barton Stone preached at Spring Hill Presbyterian Church?

Spring Hill Presbyterian Church, Margaret Brown marker, age 100

Perhaps also in attendance was Dr. William McWhirter. The James Robertson party was among the first groups to move into Nashville. They constructed Fort Nashboro in the winter/spring of 1780. The Cumberland Compact was the first governmental document drafted and signed in Middle Tennessee.

Spring Hill Presbyterian Church, William McWhirter marker, signer of Cumberland Compact