Medication errors pose a significant health challenge, contributing to thousands of deaths annually. This systematic review explores the technological evolution of medication identification: Barcode/Quick Response (QR) Code systems, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)/Near-Field Communication (NFC), and Computer Vision, used to reduce errors and enhance patient safety. 140 articles from different databases were reviewed to compare their strengths, limitations, and applications. While barcodes offer cost-effective scanning, they require line-of-sight, RFID/NFC provide robust data retrieval yet faces high costs, and Computer Vision excels in flexibility despite computational demands. Combining these technologies could optimize safety.