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In a multicenter, randomized trial of patients with atrial fibrillation and a low risk of thromboembolic events, treatment with the anticoagulant rivaroxaban showed no benefit in reducing cognitive decline, stroke or transient ischemic attack when compared to placebo.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Authors use subtle ground movements systematically associated with magma injections to develop an automatic alarm system. The ‘Jerk’ tool has been tested in real time at Piton de la Fournaise volcano with a success rate of 92% over 24 eruptions.

The NeoRHEA trial showed that treatment with palbociclib and endocrine therapy decreases T cell proliferation and the presence of tissue-resident memory T cells. These results are important for the development of CDK4 selective inhibitors.

Production and shipment of Wolbachia-infected eggs for controlling a mosquito (Aedes albopictus) population on a remote island in the Western Indian Ocean through the Incompatible Insect technique.

High near-surface nitrogen-fixation rates that promoted the recent growth of the Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt were tied to greater upwelling of phosphorus from the equatorial Atlantic, according to coral-bound nitrogen isotope records from the Caribbean.

Macrorealism assumes that a macroscopic object is at any given time in one of the distinct states it has available, and that it is in principle possible to determine which state the system is in without disturbing its dynamics. An experiment now demonstrates that a superconducting microelectronic system violates macrorealism and obeys the laws of quantum mechanics.

The role of ecological trade-offs in delineating species distribution is often unclear. This study finds that the rapid expansion of A. thaliana in Europe is explained by dispersal ability, but relict genetic variants for competitive ability and stress resistance are maintained at the range margins.

Preclinical studies have shown that blockade of the CD73-adenosinergic pathway could improve anti-tumor immunity and response to other immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here the authors report the results of a randomized phase II trial of first-line durvalumab, paclitaxel and carboplatin with or without the anti-CD73 antibody oleclumab in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer.

2023 CX1 is the only L-chondrite-like asteroid analysed from space to ground. It catastrophically fragmented in the atmosphere, depositing 98% of its energy in one burst—an unusual, high-risk fragmentation mode with implications for planetary defence.

Apolipoprotein L1 genetic variants contribute to a subtype of proteinuric kidney disease referred to as APOL1-mediated kidney disease (AMKD). Here the authors report the discovery and characterization of potent and selective APOL1 ion channel inhibitors for the potential treatment of AMKD.

Vannini and colleagues report that an age-associated decline in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced antitumor efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T cells derived from older adults.

In a large multicentric study of patients with advanced NSCLC undergoing anti-PD-1 therapy, the relative abundance of intestinal Akkermansia spp. was shown to associate with changes in the gut microbiome ecosystem and clinical outcomes.

Patients with myotonic dystrophy (MD) suffer from severe cardiac issues of unknown aetiology. Freyermuth et al. show that fatal changes in cardiac electrophysiological properties in humans and mice with MD may arise from misregulation of the alternative splicing of the cardiac Na⁺ channel SCN5Atranscript, resulting in expression of its fetal form.

Large genome-wide meta-analysis of clinically diagnosed late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) from 94,437 individuals identifies new LOAD risk loci and implicates Aβ formation, tau protein binding, immune response and lipid metabolism.

The phase 3 CAPRI clinical trial evaluating the impact of a digital nurse navigator-led system in patients receiving oral anticancer treatment shows that remote monitoring using a smartphone app results in an improved patient care experience and optimizes healthcare resources.

Inborn errors of vitamin B₁₂ metabolism of the cblC class are caused by mutations in the MMACHC gene. Here, Guéant et al. report epi-cblC, a class of cblC in which patients are compound heterozygous for a genetic mutation and a secondary epimutation at the MMACHC locus.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), a multisystem disorder affecting skeletal and smooth muscle and other essential systems, belongs to a group of RNA gain-of-function disorders caused by the expansion of a CUG trinucleotide repeat (CUG^exp) in the 3' untranslated region of the DM protein kinase (DMPK) gene. Furling and coworkers have developed an optimized human U7-snRNA containing a poly-CAG antisense sequence to target the CUG^exp RNAs. These constructs cause specific degradation of pathogenic but not wild-type DMPK RNA products. By abolishing the RNA gain-of-function toxicity responsible for pathogenesis, these hU7-snRNAs could affect gene silencing in other RNA-dominant disorders expressing expanded repeats.

The population of Madagascar arose from admixture of Austronesian and Bantu genetic backgrounds. Analyzing local ancestry in genomes of 700 Malagasy, Pierron et al. identify signals of recent positive selection for African ancestry in a region on chromosome 1 with implications for physiology and disease risk.

Visual perception works best when eye movement counteracts the effects of body movement. This study describes how such coordination first emerges and matures during development in frog larvae.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) takes up and burns fatty acids for thermogenesis in mice. Here the authors use PET to show that, in humans, cold stimulation increases BAT dietary fatty acid uptake from plasma and oxidative metabolism, although, unlike mice, human BAT takes up less fatty acids than other metabolic tissues.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

Analysis of the confined crowds at the San Fermín festival in Spain shows that dense crowds can self-organize into macroscopic chiral oscillators, coordinating the orbital motion of hundreds of individuals without external guidance.

Although vaccination drops COVID-19 mortality in older adults, post-vaccine fatal COVID-19 in nursing home outbreaks was linked to Delta, Gamma and Mu variants, persistently detected in aerosols. Mortality was predicted by IFNB1 or age, ORF7a and ACE2 mRNAs.

Conservative to disruptive changes in dietary patterns of French adults from the NutriNet-Santé cohort are considered for reducing environmental impacts, increasing organic food consumption, providing adequate nutrition and being economically acceptable. A progressive substitution of animal products by plant products across dietary scenarios more closely aligned dimensions of sustainability.

The final report of the phase 1/2 lentiviral gene therapy trial in severe β-hemoglobinopathies, HGB-205, shows a long-term safety profile and sustained reduction of transfusion requirements in patients with β-thalassemia and of sickle cell crises in patients with sickle cell disease.