Entries by phinds

Tell One Wood from Another: Basic Wood Anatomy

Introduction As a long-time woodworker, I enjoy being able to tell one wood from another. In the process of learning how to do that, I’ve developed some knowledge of wood anatomy that I think will interest both biology students and woodworkers. There is an enormous variety of wood-anatomy characteristics; this article discusses a selection to…

Balloon Analogy Explained: Cosmology, Expansion & Limits

The Balloon Analogy is a straightforward way to illustrate — without being complete — two important points of modern cosmology that many people find counterintuitive: that the universe expands roughly uniformly and that it has no center or edge (in the sense relevant to the analogy). The analogy is unpopular with many professional physicists because…