SUBJECT NAME – DELD

Department:- Computer Engineering

210245:
Digital Electronics and
Logic Design
Credit Schemes:03
In-Sem (TH):-30
End-Sem (TH):-70

PCET’S & NMVPM’S

NUTAN MAHARASHTRA INSTT. OF ENGG. & TECH. Pune

Academic Year 2024-25 1

 Vision of Institute
“To be a notable institution for providing
quality technical education & ensuring
ethical, moral & holistic development of
students”
Mission of Institute
To nurture engineering graduates with state of
the art competence, professionalism and
problem solving skills to serve needs of
industry as well as society.

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 Vision of Department
“Imbibing quality Technical Education and
overall development by endowing students
with societal and ethical skills in Computer
Engineers”
Missions of Department
❖ To impart engineering knowledge and skills by
adopting effective teaching learning processes.
❖ To develop professional, entrepreneurial & research
competencies encompassing continuous intellectual
growth.
❖ To produce educated students to exhibit societal and
ethical responsibilities in the working environment.
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Digital Electronics and Logic Design: Course Details

Programme: UG Programme in Class: S.E. Comp. A.Y. 2023-24

Computer Engineering Sem. I

Course Code: 210245 (Theory) Course Name :

Digital Electronics and Logic Design

Corresponding Lab Course Code : Lab Course Name:

210249 Digital Electronics Lab

Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme

Theory Practical Tutorial Theory Lab

(hrs/week) (hrs/week) (hrs/week) Insem Endsem Term Practical Oral
Work

3 hrs 2 hrs -- 30 70 25 -- --

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Course Objectives
The goal of this course is to impart the fundamentals
of digital logic design; starting from learning the basic
concepts of the different base number systems, to
basic logic elements and deriving logical expressions
to further optimize a circuit diagram.
⚫ To study number systems and develop skills for
design and implementation of combinational
⚫ logic circuits and sequential circuits
⚫ To understand the functionalities, properties and
applicability of Logic Families.
⚫ To introduce programmable logic devices and ASM
chart and synchronous state machines.
⚫ To introduce students to basics of microprocessor.

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Course Outcomes
After successful completion of the course, the learner
will be able to -
CO1: Simplify Boolean Expressions using K Map.
CO2: Design and implement combinational circuits.
CO3: Design and implement sequential circuits.
CO4: Develop simple real-world application using
ASM and PLD.
CO5: Differentiate and Choose appropriate logic
families IC packages as per the given design
specifications.
CO6: Explain organization and architecture of
computer system.
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 SUBJECT NAME - DELD
Department:- Computer Engineering

❖ Unit VI: Introduction to Computer Architecture

(06 Hours)
 Introduction to Ideal Microprocessor – Data Bus, Address Bus, Control
Bus.
 Microprocessor based Systems – Basic Operation, Microprocessor
operation, Block Diagram of Microprocessor.
 Functional Units of Microprocessor – ALU using IC 74181, Basic
Arithmetic operations using ALU IC 74181, 4-bit Multiplier circuit
using ALU and shift registers.
 Memory Organization and Operations, digital circuit using decoder and
registers for memory operations.

Academic Year 2023-24 7

8
 • The microprocessor is the CPU (Central Processing
Unit) of a computer. It is the heart of the computer.
• Fabricated on a small chip capable of performing ALU
(Arithmetic Logical Unit) operations and
communicating with the other devices connected to it.

9
 Evolution of Microprocessors

First Generation (4 - bit Microprocessors)

The first generation microprocessors were introduced in
the year 1971-1972 by Intel Corporation. It was named
Intel 4004 since it was a 4-bit processor.
Use following link for detail
[Link]
introduction
Evolution of Microprocessors
Microprocessor based Systems –
Basic Operation
 Address Bus

• It is a group of conducting wires which carries address only.

• Address bus is unidirectional because data flow in one direction,
from microprocessor to memory or from microprocessor to
Input/output devices (That is, Out of Microprocessor).
• Length of Address Bus of 8085 microprocessor is 16 Bit (That is,
Four Hexadecimal Digits), ranging from 0000 H to FFFF H, (H
denotes Hexadecimal).
• The microprocessor 8085 can transfer maximum 16 bit address
which means it can address 65, 536 different memory location.
The Data Bus
 Microprocessor operation

• FETCH: At the beginning of each instruction cycle the

processor fetches an instruction from memory.

• EXECUTE: Execute the Instruction.

Block Diagram of 8085 microprocessor
8085 Features:
▸ 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor as it operates on 8
bits at a time
▸ 8085 was the first commercially successful
microprocessor by Intel.
▸ It can perform operations that are given below:
▸ Operates on and stores 8-bit data.
▸ It executes arithmetic and logic operations.
▸ 8085 also sequences the instructions to be
executed.
▸ Stores data temporarily.
8085 is an 8-bit, general purpose microprocessor.
It consists of following functional units:
Registers
Pin diagram of
Intel 8085
microprocessor
 Processor Components
▸ ALU- Arithmetic Logic Unit
▸ Registers
▸ Control Unit

37
ALU
 Control Unit
This unit controls the operations of all parts of
the computer but does not carry out any
actual data processing operations.

Block Diagram of Control 39Unit

Control Unit
• The control unit (CU) is a component of a
computer's central processing unit (CPU) that
directs the operation of the processor.

• It tells the computer's memory, arithmetic and

logic unit and input and output devices how to
respond to the instructions that have been sent to
the processor.

• The Control Unit makes decisions and sends the

appropriate signal down its lines to other parts of
the compute
Functions of this Control unit are −
• It is responsible for controlling the transfer of
data and instructions among other units of a
computer.
• It obtains the instructions from the memory,
interprets them, and directs the operation of the
computer.
• It communicates with Input/output devices for
transfer of data or results from storage.
• It does not process or store data
 ALU

▸ An arithmetic-logic unit is the part of a central processing unit

that carries out arithmetic and logic operations on the

operands in computer instruction words.

▸ In some processors, the ALU is divided into two units: an

arithmetic unit (AU) and a logic unit (LU). Some processors

contain more than one AU -- for example, one for fixed-point

operations and another for floating-point operations.

 Functional Units of Microprocessor
– ALU using IC 74181
• The 74181 is a 4-bit slice arithmetic logic unit
(ALU), implemented as a 7400 series TTL
integrated circuit.

• The first complete ALU on a single chip, it was

used as the arithmetic/logic core in the CPUs of
many historically significant minicomputers and
other devices
What is Memory?
• A memory is just like a human brain. It is used
to store data and instructions.
• Computer memory is the storage space in the
computer.
• The memory unit stores the binary information
in the form of bits.
• Generally, memory/storage is classified into 2
categories:
• Volatile Memory: This loses its data, when
power is switched off.(RAM)
• Non-Volatile Memory: This is a permanent
storage and does not lose any data when power
is switched off.(ROM)
RAM (Random Access Memory)

• RAM (Random Access Memory) is the internal

memory of the CPU for storing data, program,
and program result.
• It is a read/write memory which stores data until
the machine is working. As soon as the machine is
switched off, data is erased.
• RAM is of two types −
• Static RAM (SRAM)
• Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
ROM stands for Read Only Memory
• The memory from which we can only read but
cannot write on it.
• This type of memory is non-volatile.
• The information is stored permanently in such
memories during manufacture.
• A ROM stores such instructions that are required
to start a computer.
• This operation is referred to as bootstrap.
• ROM chips are not only used in the computer but
also in other electronic items like washing machine
and microwave oven.
Types of ROM:
[Link] –programmed ROM
[Link] – erasable floating gate programmed
[Link] or E2PROM – electrically erasable floating gate programm
 Memory Organization
• The memory is organized in the form of a cell,
each cell is able to be identified with a unique
number called address.
• Each cell is able to recognize control signals such
as “read” and “write”, generated by CPU when it
wants to read or write address.
• Whenever CPU executes the program there is a
need to transfer the instruction from the memory
to CPU because the program is available in
memory.
• To access the instruction, CPU generates the
memory request.
Memory Organization
Memory is primarily of three types −
1. Cache Memory
2. Primary Memory/Main Memory
3. Secondary Memory
 Cache Memory

• It acts as a buffer between the CPU and the

main memory.

• It is used to hold those parts of data and

program which are most frequently used by
the CPU.
Primary Memory (Main Memory)
• Primary memory holds only those data and
instructions on which the computer is currently
working.
• It has a limited capacity and data is lost when
power is switched off.
• It is generally made up of semiconductor
device.
• These memories are not as fast as registers.
• The data and instruction required to be
processed resides in the main
memory.
• It is divided into subcategories
as RAM and ROM.
Secondary Memory
• This type of memory is also known as external
memory.
• It is slower than the main memory.
• These are used for storing data/information
permanently.
• CPU directly does not access these memories,
instead they are accessed via input-output routines.
• The contents of secondary memories are first
transferred to the main memory, and then the CPU
can access it.
• For example, disk, CD-ROM, DVD, etc.
Memory operation
• There are two key operations on memory:
• Read:fetch( address ) returns value without
changing the value stored at that address.
• store( address, value ) writes new value into the
cell at the given address.
• Memory Address Register (MAR) is the address
register which is used to store the address of the
memory location where the operation is being
performed.
• Memory Data Register (MDR) is the data register
which is used to store the data on which the
operation is being performed.
Memory Read Operation
• Memory read operation transfers the desired
word to address lines and activates the read
control line.
Memory Write Operation:
• Memory write operation transfers the address of the
desired word to the address lines, transfers the data bits
to be stored in memory to the data input lines.
• Then it activates the write control line.
 References

01 [Link]

[Link]
02 [Link]

[Link]

[Link]
03 [Link] :what is MC
[Link] Explain 8085
[Link] :how to make processor