Copyright © 2011 - 2011 Alkyoni Baglatzi and Tomi Kauppinen, Institute for Geoinformatics, University of Muenster, Germany.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. This copyright applies to the Linked Science Core Vocabulary and accompanying documentation.
Linked Science Vocabulary Specification relies on W3C's RDF technology, an open Web standard that can be freely used by anyone.
This visual layout and structure of the specification was adapted from the Open Provenance Model Vocabulary edited by Jun Zhao, SIOC Core Ontology Specification edited by Uldis Bojars and John G. Breslin and the Provenance Vocabulary Core Ontology Specification edited by Olaf Hartig and Jun Zhao.
LSC, the Linked Science Core Vocabulary, is a lightweight vocabulary providing terms to enable publishers and researchers to relate things in science to time, space, and themes. More precisely, LSC is designed for describing scientific resources including elements of research, their context, and for interconnecting them. We introduce LSC as an example of building blocks for Linked Science to communicate the linkage between scientific resources in a machine-understandable way. The “core” in the name refers to the fact that LSC only defines the basic terms for science. We argue that the success of Linked Science—or Linked Data in general—lies in interconnected, yet distributed vocabularies that minimize ontological commitments. More specific terms needed by different scientific communities can therefore be introduced as extensions of LSC. LSC is hosted at LinkedScience.org; please check also other available vocabularies at LinkedScience.org/vocabularies.
This documents specifies the classes and properties introduced by the Linked Science Core Vocabulary.NOTE: This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document.
This specification is an evolving document. This document may be updated or added to based on implementation experience, but no commitment is made by the authors regarding future updates. This document is generated by combining a machine-readable Linked Science Core Vocabulary Namespace expressed in RDF/XML with a specification template and a set of per-term documents.
The Linked Science Core Vocabulary is defined as a set of classes and properties.
You may browse the also using Sindice Inspector as a graph or as a list.
The XML Namespace URI that should be used by implementations of this specification is:
The prefix the Linked Science Core vocabulary is "lsc":
@prefix lsc: <http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#> .
An alphabetical index of terms from the Linked Science Core Vocabulary, by class and by property, are given below. All the terms are hyperlinked to their detailed description for quick reference.
Classes: | Publication | Research | Researcher | Method | Hypothesis | Prediction | Conclusion | Data |
Properties: | isAboutTime | isAboutRegion | reportedIn | reports | isSupportedBy | dataProduced | dataUsed | timeAccepted | timeRevised | timeSubmitted | participatesIn | makes | tests | confirms | falsifies | produces | methodUsed |

The Core LSC definitions presented here are written using a computer language (RDF/OWL) that makes it easy for software to process some basic facts about the terms in the Linked Science Core Vocabulary, and consequently about the things described using LSC.
The Linked Science Core Vocabulary is identified by the namespace URI "http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#".
Revisions and extensions of LSC are conducted through edits to the namespace document, which by convention is published on the Web at the namespace URI.
The properties and types defined here provide some basic concepts for describing information relevant about research. Other vocabularies (e.g. AIISO - Academic Institution Internal Structure Ontology, BIBO - The Bibliographic Ontology, W3C Ontology for Media Resources, the Time Ontology in OWL, the Open Provenance Model Vocabulary, Semantic Publishing and Referencing Ontologies (SPAR), SWAN Ontology etc.) can also be mixed in with LSC terms. LSC is designed to be extended.
Any kind of publication eg. scientific paper, book, journal publication.
| identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#Publication |
|---|---|
| Subclass of: | bibo:Document |
A researcher that conducts research.
| identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#Researcher |
|---|---|
| Subclass of: | foaf:Person |
A method used in a scientific research.
| identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/teach/ns#Method |
|---|
Prediction made by a hypothesis.
| identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#Prediction |
|---|
Conclusion is made by research.
| identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#Conclusion |
|---|
Abstract property to relate a research to the publications it is reported in.
| Identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#reportedIn |
|---|---|
| OWL Type: | ObjectProperty |
| Domain: | lsc:Research |
| Range: | lsc:Publication |
Abstract property to relate a research to the time period it refers.
| Identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#isAboutTime |
|---|---|
| OWL Type: | ObjectProperty |
| Domain: | lsc:Research |
| Range: | xsd:dateTime |
Abstract property to define the region a research refers to.
| Identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#isAboutRegion |
|---|---|
| OWL Type: | ObjectProperty |
| Sub-property of: | dct:coverage |
| Domain: | lsc:Research |
| Range: | tisc:Region |
Abstract property to report the research of a publication.
| Identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#reports |
|---|---|
| OWL Type: | ObjectProperty |
| Domain: | lsc:Publication |
| Range: | lsc:Research |
Abstract property to express the relation between the hypothesis and the evidence of a research.
| Identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#isSupportedBy |
|---|---|
| OWL Type: | ObjectProperty |
| Domain: | lsc:Hypothesis |
| Range: | lsc:Research |
Describes the relation between a research and the data produced in it.
| Identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#dataProduced |
|---|---|
| OWL Type: | ObjectProperty |
| Domain: | lsc:Research |
| Range: | lsc:Data |
Describes the relation between a research and the data used to conduct it.
| Identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#dataUsed |
|---|---|
| OWL Type: | ObjectProperty |
| Domain: | lsc:Research |
| Range: | lsc:Data |
Abstract property to relate a publication to the time it was accepted.
| Identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#timeAccepted |
|---|---|
| OWL Type: | ObjectProperty |
| Domain: | lsc:Publication |
| Range: | xsd:dateTime |
Abstract property to relate a publication to the time it was revised.
| Identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#timeRevised |
|---|---|
| OWL Type: | ObjectProperty |
| Domain: | lsc:Publication |
| Range: | xsd:dateTime |
Abstract property to relate a publication to the time it was submitted.
| Identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#timeSubmitted |
|---|---|
| OWL Type: | ObjectProperty |
| Domain: | lsc:Publication |
| Range: | xsd:dateTime |
A researcher participates in some research.
| Identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#participatesIn |
|---|---|
| OWL Type: | ObjectProperty |
| Domain: | lsc:Researcher |
| Range: | lsc:Research |
A hypothesis makes a prediction.
| Identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#makes |
|---|---|
| OWL Type: | ObjectProperty |
| Domain: | lsc:Hypothesis |
| Range: | lsc:Prediction |
A research tests a hypothesis.
| Identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#tests |
|---|---|
| OWL Type: | ObjectProperty |
| Domain: | lsc:Research |
| Range: | lsc:Hypothesis |
A research falsifies a hypothesis.
| Identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#falsifies |
|---|---|
| OWL Type: | ObjectProperty |
| Domain: | lsc:Research |
| Range: | lsc:Hypothesis |
A research confirms a hypothesis.
| Identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#confirms |
|---|---|
| OWL Type: | ObjectProperty |
| Domain: | lsc:Research |
| Range: | lsc:Hypothesis |
A research produces a conclusion.
| Identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#produces |
|---|---|
| OWL Type: | ObjectProperty |
| Domain: | lsc:Research |
| Range: | lsc:Conclusion |
A method used in a research.
| Identifier: | http://linkedscience.org/lsc/ns#methodUsed |
|---|---|
| OWL Type: | ObjectProperty |
| Domain: | lsc:Research |
| Range: | lsc:Method |