Showing posts with label History. Show all posts
Showing posts with label History. Show all posts

An Alchemy of Fragments

 

“As we know, the fragment, the never-ending promise of Romanticism, is still the influential ideal of the modern age.”


While aimlessly browsing in the bookshop (a recognised ‘essential activity’), my eye fell on a small hardcover book, quietly appealing with its hushed tones of black & silvery greys.   It had an old black&white photo on its cover - maybe of a 19th century museum room, high-ceilinged and empty but for a man wearing a black coat & a hat, standing stiffly next to the entrance doorpost.  A greyish circle was superposed on the top corner of this photo, looking like the pitted surface of the moon (?), almost fully covering another brilliant silver circle underneath.  Enscribed in silvery letters within the circle,  the title stated dryly "Inventaris van enkele verliezen"  ( "Inventory of losses" ). 

The  author’s name (Judith Schalansky) was unknown to me - but somehow seemed to fit the aura of bygone erudition which exuded from the little book.

And what a treasure the little book proves to be! It’s a pleasure to handle, with its firm cover and its pages of a heavy, smooth paper. The chapters are marked by pitch-black pages, each showing a darkly shimmering ghostly picture evoking the chapter’s subject. While manipulating the book to catch the light under different angles, peering into the black, one can with some effort make out the picture of some ruin, or the fragments of some text, or the remains of an ancient map.

“Out of the revealing debris, the architect, who will not build a single house in his entire life, designs the floor plan of a dreamed past and at the same time the vision of an entirely new creation, which fascinates more people in its copper engravings than any structure chained to the ground and the soil ever would.”



The book feeds on the human fascination with past civilizations and long lost cultural artefacts, it cherishes how a few rare remaining fragments can nourish the imagination of generations to come.   Schalansky’s own imagination and dazzling command of language can resurrect a lost tiger species, minutely describing a fight during a Colosseum spectacle in ancient Rome (1) , she can lead us into the minds of 18th century engravers and painters of antique ruins (2), or vividly evoke the lost books & visions of a perished world religion (3).



Only the writing will be proved right and will survive, will weigh as much as the material which records it : a lump of black basalt, a table of burnt clay, the squeezed fibers of the papyrus plants, of the stiff leaf of a palm

The book embodies the human condition of transience, meditating on the sheer impossibility to remember everything forever  – not even when hewn in stone, nor when kept in bits&bytes, and not even in an archive on the moon (4).   But at the same time, her book is a tribute to libraries and museums and archives, noting how “on periods of extraordinary negligence follow phases of excessive care”.   Her book is also living proof of how the human imagination can travel through the ages and around the globe, only feeding on some lingering old texts & images,  without ever leaving one’s home town. 

Sharing the intrepidity of the explorers & philosophers of bygone ages, Schalansky does not eschew  eschatological visions, including the ultimate end of our universe (5). But for now, here on earth, Schalansky’s own writing, her playful gravitas (6) glimmering with wisdom & beauty, makes one hope that at least the language will remain, as an enduring repository of all human experience. (7)  

 

Fragmentary Notes

  1.     Kaspische Tijger – Het Oude Rome / Caspian Tiger – Ancient Rome
  2.     Villa Sacchetti – Valle Inferno (on Piranese, Hubert Robert)
  3.     De Zeven Boeken van Mani – Babylonië / The Seven Books of Mani - Babylonia
  4.     Kinaus selenografieën – Lacus Luxuriae / Kinaus selenographies - Lacus Luxuriae
  5.    « het verre uur waarin de centrale ster zal opbranden en samen met de zon al de bij haar ingedeelde hemellichamen zullen verdampen » « the distant hour in which the central star will burn up and together with the sun all the celestial bodies around  it will evaporate
  6.    Schalansky’s melancholy evocations of losses remind one of course of WG Sebald – but her tone is more cheerful, because the losses are from a more distant past and therefore less laden with regret & guilt.     
  7.    repositories of words brought to life in a conspiracy between writers & readers – together silently reviving entire lost worlds   
  8.    all quotes are from the Dutch version “Inventaris van enkele verliezen”, shamelessly using Google  for the English translation.

Time will tell



"At the beginning of the 7th century, the Mediterranean world is in crisis. The pax romana is a distant memory. The invasions, epidemics and wars have undermined the economy, discredited the values ​​of yesteryear and generalized the disarray. Everyone withdraws into the safety of their own community, behind their walls, under the aegis of local potentates. This general decline paves the way for millenarianism. (1)"

In times of upheaval I find it good practice to withdraw quietly in a room, reading a history book - far from raging viruses, be they biological or digital.

But while historical distance may put into perspective the issues of the day, it is not a sure recipe for Olympian calm. Because history abundantly shows that humankind is not that good at managing crises.   So one still needs to comfort one self: we do are better equipped now, aren’t we – with our immense progress in science, in technology. And we do have collectively become more rational, haven’t we?

Taking the historical perspective, one also wonders about the future: what collective conclusions will we draw in due time? Which societal weaknesses will have been exposed?  Which regimes will have proven to be better able to cope?   
Will democratic market economies driven by economic self-interest turn out to be better or worse at managing a collective crisis than centrally planned autocracies?  

Time will tell.


A bookish note:


  1. Pascal Dayez-Burgeon – “Byzance la Secrète” :  one of the best books on Byzantium I have read – telling its story not only as an allegory on the tragedy & transience of power, but also showing the significance of its history, the enduring meaning of how it had organised and represented itself. Not just a vanquished empire, not just a lost civilisation without heirs, but a  1000 years story we can still engage with. 
  2. Original French:
“Au début du VIIième siècle, le monde méditerranéen est en crise. La pax romana n’est plus qu’un souvenir. Les invasions, les épidémies et les guerres ont sapé l’économie, discrédité les valeurs d’antan et généralisé le désarroi. Chacun se calfeutre dans sa communauté, à l’abri de ses murailles, sous l’égide de potentats locaux. Ce repli généralisé est propice au millénarisme.”





 

Room for Hope in a Pell-Mell (1)



Let me be frank:  I have gotten quite fed up with my anxious chronicling of the demise of high culture, the closure of bookshops and the alleged end of Europe.

Henceforth my thoughts (and blogposts) will be positive or be nothing worth!  

The people at Brussels’ most swinging second hand bookshop  "Pêle-Mêle"  (2) don’t seem to need such stern self-admonitions – they effortlessly look happy & lively.  It’s a particularly bracing mix of people there at the Pêle-Mêle: young parents with kids relaxing in the bar/playground/tearoom in the basement, teenagers intently browsing the book shelves and passionately discussing their finds , elderly couples cosily settled for the afternoon in the bookshop’s vintage salon chairs – with piles of books, cookies and a thermos of coffee.  The place buzzes with positive energy,  and with talk in an array of European languages.

Bracing people are attracted by bracing books of course.  Over the years Pêle-Mêle has astutely branched out from its core French franchise into English, Dutch, German, Italian ….  books.  And though its offer at first may look like a jumble, there’s always some order to it.   An order reflecting the evolving tastes of both European expats and Belgian-French intello’s.  

 The French section, to my delight, is regularly restocked with pre-post-modern art history books (like those thoroughly researched and documented “l’Univers des Formes” volumes  from the 60s-70s!).   
In the English section one can sense the origins and interests of various Brussels-based diplomats (selling their books before moving on to another post, or retiring, or, soon, brexiting?).   
Leafing through the books, one can find,  here a colourful “National Galleries of Scotland“ bookmark, there a carefully folded 1993 clipping with a lengthy book review from the New York Times.  And one month a collection of  ”Roman empire” books may arrive,   then a batch of last years’ current affairs bestsellers arrives, or suddenly a whole shelf fills up with Judaica.  

Ever since I’ve lost the reassuring certainty to be living in a period beyond history (& beyond its struggles) I‘ve been forced to “reconceptualise the past” (3) (in order to better understand the perplexing present) and have therefore had to do quite some catch-up reading of history books. 
So I’m particularly grateful to Pêle-Mêle to have furnished me over the  past years with books covering, amongst others,  Rome’s age of anxiety &  transition,  religious conflict in early modern Europe , Balkan ghosts , the end of the Habsburg empire,  and Roman mosaics in Tunesia (4).

Readers  will be largely acquainted with the subject matter of the formerly mentioned books – but may be less familiar with the lighthearted (5) (and yet surprisingly resilient) Roman art of mosaics in North Africa, as illustrated in the latter book.   

Wholly in keeping with my announced positive mind set, let me offer this quote as a conclusion: 

[…] It is debatable whether […] the inhabitants of this little province of Africa were richer or more carefree than we are today […]  Each and every mosaic, right up to the 6th century reverberates with happiness, with a joy which has nothing ephemeral about it.[…] They were neither more nor less vulnerable than we are and so they liked to surround themselves with beneficial representations which proclaimed an ordered way of life in which joy and love have their appointed place, beauty is sacred and there is room for hope. […] “    




and because there’s always room for one more note:

1.       How lovely, really :  the English translation of  “pêle-mêle” turns out to be “pell-mell” !

2.       the Pêle-Mêle  at the Chaussée de Waterloo/ Steenweg op Waterloo is not to be confused with the Pêle-Mêle of the Boulevard Maurice Lemonnier

3.       a phrase borrowed from Benjamin J. Kaplan

4.       Mosaïques romaines de Tunisie – Georges Fradier, André Martin, O. Ben Osman, E. Beschaouch et al.

5.       mosaics as frivolous fragments?


A town in Germany



Foggy Rhine valley

They hadn’t had rain for months here in the Rhine valley, the hotel owner said. But on this August-Monday, the clouds at last were heavy with rain, the outline of hills and woods blurred by foggy greys.
 A suitable day for a city-trip to Worms – with its Romanesque Dom a long standing feature on my art historical “places  to see “list. 


City of Religions

A perfunctory stop at the tourist office yields a city map and a brochure marketing Worms as a “City of Religions.   Some more “500-years since the reformation” city-marketing, I assume (too quickly, so it turns out).

In the dripping rain I crane my neck to look up at the towering towers of the Dom – stark und stabil impressive, certainly, but somehow its sturdy symmetry fails to move me.  The interior is vast & confusing, with its dual choirs (with one of them lavishly baroque).  A lot of rebuilding & restoring has taken place throughout the ages  – following both accidental fires and war-linked destruction. The Dom has suffered from successive wars (with the French apparently inflicting most damage, first under Louis XIV’s  command, then by ferociously anti-clerical French revolutionary troops).        


900 years of History

Reading further on in the (by now damp) “City of Religions” brochure, I once again realise how pitifully superficial my grasp of European history is.  Of course I knew that there were Jews in Europe since the Middle Ages, and even before.   But all the same,  I am startled to read that “The Jewish community of Worms existed from the eleventh century right up to 1942.” 
“Already in 1034 a synagogue was built in the city”  
 
900 years of history ….  wiped out.  
 But not entirely. The contemporary city map carefully indicates the streets of the former Jewish quarters. The burnt-down synagogue   has been reconstructed in the 1960s.  A small Jewish community of eastern European and Russian immigrants has settled again in Worms.


Holy Sands cemetery ("Heiliger Sand")

And there is the very old Jewish cemetery, one of the oldest in Europe, …  which has escaped major destruction (why - so  I wonder - perhaps because no one felt like vandalising graves while they were destroying  the living?)

In the soaking rain I wander along the cemetery paths – gazing at these ancient stones, half buried in the soil, slanting, scattered throughout the yard. 

At the far end one can look out over the graves and see the Dom towers in the distance.  



“Martin Buber view”

There’s a sign, mentioning this is the “Martin Buber view”  and with a lengthy quote, from 1933 (so still before, I can’t help to think)

I slowly decipher the German –  its graveness seems more suitable than English for these theological-ontological thoughts.  Alien thoughts of which I’m unworthy – but which are profoundly moving. 

Ich habe da gestanden und habe alles selber erfahren, mir ist all der Tod widerfahren: all die Asche, all die Zerspelltheit, all der lautlose Jammer ist mein; aber der Bund ist mir nicht aufgekündigt worden. Ich liege am Boden, hingestürzt wie diese Steine. Aber gekündigt ist mir nicht. Der Dom ist, wie er ist. Der Friedhof ist, wie er ist. Aber gekündigt ist uns nicht worden. (1)
 


An   English translation can be found on this blog