Friday, 2 September 2022

Four Fine Blueberries for the Home Garden

Our blueberry harvest is slowing down; but we have been picking berries ever since the beginning of June. This year we have finally had a very respectable harvest - at least twice as much as last year, and last year was a huge leap forward over previous years. I figure we will have picked somewhere between 10 and 12 litres of berries this year by the time they are over. Two years ago we picked only about a single litre.

So, what has changed? The bushes are finally getting fairly mature, and that helps, but also three years ago we changed our growing methods, from stick 'em in the ground and hope for the best, to something more intentional.
 
Everybody knows blueberries need acidic soil. Our soil is pretty acidic, too acidic for most vegetables to be completely happy, but as it turns out not really acidic enough for blueberries. We did two things to fix the situation. Firstly, we dug up and replanted all our bushes (while they were still quite small) after amending the beds with extravagant quantities of peat moss. It doesn't need to be dug more than a foot in; blueberries are very shallow rooted. We spread it out and gave it a half-hearted stir. Side note - don't try growing strawberries or anything else under blueberries for this reason. They will not stand the competition.
 
The peat moss helped, but it was not enough. Next year, we started applying Blueberry Booster (from Whiffletree Nursery, whence came most of these blueberries).  This is sulfur humate, which will acidify the soil. Sulfur products need to be applied with some caution. It is not a straightforward process of "add acidifier, get acidic soil". The sulfur must be broken down by soil microbes which require the soil to be at least 12°C or 13°C and moist. Spring is the best time to apply it. If it is not properly broken down and absorbed it can damage the plants quite badly. However, we were observant of these requirements, and got quite amazing results, that very first year. We then got our up-'til-then best harvest, but mostly the bushes finally grew. 

The other thing that is happening now that we are getting our bushes to grow, is to notice which ones are the best. I have to admit, we rate that mostly on the volume produced. There are slight variations in flavour, but they all taste like blueberries and are delicious. 

Ripening time is something else to take into consideration. There were earlier berries than the varieties I'm about to discuss, but they produced less. If you have space for more bushes I do think they are worthwhile, but I can't suggest names for those because we have lost them. I suspect it's fair to say that early production gets traded off against high production; something has to give and that's what it is. 

Three of the varieties discussed below are modern high-bush hybrids. The exception is Jelly Bean, which is a dwarf plant, but not at all like wild or low-bush berries. Much as I love wild blueberries, even the domesticated "wild" types we have tried have not done particularly well in the garden as plants, never mind producing any significant amount of fruit. I used to think domesticated blueberries were not as good tasting as wild blueberries, but having grown them I would now say it's more that their flavour doesn't last well. They should be eaten or frozen within 2 days of picking. But if you are growing them yourself, that is easily done.

So, what are we growing? Above you see Nelson on the left, and Arlen on the right. These are probably the biggest producers in the garden. They've been pretty picked over already; the photo does not show them at their loaded best. Whiffletree lists Arlen as their latest blueberry to ripen, but for us it is, if anything, just about a week ahead of Nelson. It's not a big difference.

Blueberries start off small and greenish; as the season progresses they become larger and whiter. Then, suddenly, some of them apparently double in size and turn blue. Does that mean they are ripe? Could be, although many of them then need to sit and ripen some more for best flavour. We have discovered that the best way to pick blueberries is to pull them very, very gently - if they don't come right off, they need longer. Nelson in particular wants to sit for quite a while at the blue stage before coming off. Nelson is a sturdy bush with good, upright stems. 

Arlen is a more delicate bush. The stems tend to arch and if they are really loaded they can drag on the ground. You can see we have placed some stakes around it to help hold them up. We are willing to do this, because it is well worth the trouble. Those stems were just loaded with amazing berries. 

While neither Nelson nor Arlen were producing with the earliest berries, they both started in early August, and are still producing.

This one is Jelly Bean. (Actually, it's 2 Jelly Beans.) One is over, the other is about half-picked. We picked this one up in the parking lot of our local grocery store. It is marketed more to urban and casual gardeners than serious growers, perhaps because it is a dwarf bush, maxing out at about 2 feet tall. It's described as being just as much an ornamental plant as a source of fruit, and indeed, it's very pretty and turns red in the fall. Before then, new growth is an attractive lime shade (you can see some) and regular mature leaves are a nice bluish green. However, it produced more berries than any others that were not Nelson or Arlen and they really are extremely tasty. They started to ripen a bit earlier than Nelson or Arlen, but only by a few days.

I understand blueberries can be successfully grown in containers (the shallow roots help, I guess) and while I have not tried it, this is one that I think would work well for that.

And finally, I am recommending this one, who's name I don't remember. I suspect it's either Elliot or Aurora - I think perhaps Elliot, which sounds more familiar - but both are popular late-fruiting blueberries. We got this one at Whiffletree, but they are not carrying either of those at the moment. Whatever it is, like Jelly Bean it's a solid second tier in terms of quantity produced, but unlike Jelly bean it does not really even start ripening until the last few days of August and continues well into September. We are really reluctant to say goodbye to our daily bowl of fresh blueberries and we are so happy to have this one to keep us going a little longer. 

So there you are; four(ish) excellent blueberry varieties. I'm saying for the home garden, because they do all produce over a fairly extended period of time. I suspect this is not a great feature for commercial growers who want to go in like a swarm of locusts and strip the bushes all at once, but for the home grower it is ideal. Twenty minutes of picking every second day kept us well supplied with berries, over a good solid 3 months. I even made a batch of jam and 2 pies to freeze. That helps console us for the fact that the season is coming to an end; that and the hope that next year will be even better.

3 comments:

Marnie said...

Merry Christmas and a happy New Year to you and yours! I hope things are going well for you. I'm getting ready for the trip to Owen Sound. First Christmas without Dad, so it will be even quieter than usual. At least I can count on having snow to shovel if I get restless. Take care and have a good holiday.

Ferdzy said...

Ah Marnie, for some reason I did not get notification that you commented (or I missed it anyway). Belated hopes you had a good Christmas and best wishes for the New Year.

I am sorry to hear about your Dad. Quieter is the word. Not in a good way.

Marnie said...

Thanks, we managed although the blizzard changed some plans. Happy New Year!